Two Long- Term Problems: Too Many People, Moti Nissani

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   Two Long- Term Problems: Too Many People, Too Few Trees



SUMMARY:
              The essay, "Two long Term Problems Too Many People Too Few Trees" was written by an American writer Moti Nissani. In this essay the writer addresses the twin problems of over population and deforestation especially in the context of Nepal.
           More than 1500 of Nobel prize winner scientists are worried about the sate of biosphere. They express their worry and concern about the future of Humanity in a document 'World Scientists Warning to Humanity' Royal Society of London and US National Academy of Sciences on the other hand state that the future of humanity will be in balance if the degradation of natural environment is halted in time.
           The facts today speak something else. Human health, natural environment and wildlife are at serious risk due to over population and deforestation.
The population of the world including that of  Nepal s exploding. In the context of Nepal, an average woman is giving birth to 5 children which has caused the population of Nepal to grow by 2.5% every year. The population has risen to 23 million from 9 million in less than 50 years  If current trend continues it is predicted to reach 46 million by 2026. In the global context the population is increasing by 10000 people every year. This frightening trend of population growth leads Moti Nissani to the belief that the world is facing over population crisis.
The causes of over population are as follows:-
      a.      Advancement in sanitation, nutrition and health
      b.     Lack of family planning devices
      c.      Lack of equal opportunities for women
      d.     Illiteracy
      e.      Lack of population education
      f.       Traditional and superstitious society
 The consequences of over population are massive and uncertain. It is likely to invite problems in human life, wildlife and natural environment.
The consequences of overpopulation include
     1.      Deforestation and desertification of earth
     2.      Erosion in quality and value of human life
     3.      Depletion of non- renewable resources
     4.      Degradation of natural environment
     5.      Loss of wild species of plants, birds and animals
     6.      Acid rain
     7.      Ozone layer depletion and green house effect
     8.      Crime, ethnic conflict and warfare


   History and common sense tell us that we can control the population growth. The following measures might be helpful in controlling the rapid growth of population
a.      Modernization in thought and lifestyle of people
b.     Literacy specially for third world people
c.      Media campaigns for public awareness
d.     Readily available of means of family planning
e.      Equal economic, educational and legal opportunities for women

Deforestation is another long term problem. It existed in the past and will exist in the future. The only difference is it is being destroyed much faster and on larger scale than ever before.
 Eg- forest covered 40% of the Earths total land. In the beginning of 20th century. But the figure stands at 25% at the end of century.

The causes of deforestation are as followed
1.      Over population
2.      Poverty and dependence on forest dor livelihood
3.      Affluent lifestyle of some people
4.      High demand of  Mahgony furniture, paper products, beef and hamburgers in the western countries.

   Deforestation is likely to affect human life, wildlife and natural environment. Its consequences are as follows:
a.      Soil erosion , landslide , flooding and siltation of rivers
b.     Loss of valuable species of birds, plants and animals
c.      Green house effect, droughts, weather extremes, sizzling temperature, global warming, depletion of ozone layer
d.     Degradation of natural environment
  
 We can save the forest by controlling our number and appetites.
The following measures can solve the problem of deforestation:-
a.      Control in growth of population
b.     Moves towards participatory, democracy
c.      Economic sufficiency
d.     Efficiency in the use of food products
e.      Financial incentives for preserving forest
f.       Recycling
g.      Reforestation
h.     Appropriate technology
We know we need to have few people and more trees. We also know how to do it , but we are still lacking courage, compassion and wisdom to turn our knowledge into reality.


            

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